The performance-based earthquake engineering requires reliable assessment of long-period Ground Motion particularly for tall buildings, base-isolated structures, long bridges, and structures that are designed to deform beyond the elastic range.The important issues involved in such assessments are: Empirical and theoretical tools for prediction of displacement response spectra; Analysis and incorporation of near fault effects; Spectrum scaling for different damping ratios and; Time domain simulation of long-period Ground Motion. These issues are elaborated through (1) the principles for modification of design basis spectra in the long-period range; (2) guidelines for time domain simulation of long-period Ground Motions; and (3) rules for selecting and scaling Ground Motion records to address long-period effects. This paper aims to review and discuss these issues with developments on GMPRs for peak Ground displacement and 10s spectral acceleration, and example applications on earthquake hazard assessment for 10s spectral accelerations and its deaggregation in the Marmara Region, Turkey.

Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN) that runs under the authority of Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC) of Iran started its activity since 1973. At the date of this study this network consisted of more than 1049 digital (SSA-2) and 61 analog (SMA-1) accelerographs. The recorded earthquake accelerograms are downloaded, controlled, processed, and then added to the accelerograph comprehensive data bank, which is quite useful for scientists and engineers. Herein the recorded accelerograms and causal earthquakes are briefly explained and more detailed information is presented in Table 1 and also available on (http://www.bhrc.ac.ir).

Iran Strong Motion Network started its activities since 1973, and has recorded more than 5500 accelerograms up to September 2005, through which the maximum Ground acceleration of about Ig is recorded due to Zanjiran [1994] and Barn [2003] earthquakes at Zanjiran and Barn stations respectively. At present the network consists of 1049 digital and 61 analogue accelerographs. In the first half of the year 2004, 363 accelerograms are recorded by ISMN and the maximum PGA of about 0.922g is occurred in Hassan Kief station in Kojur-Firouzabad earthquake of May 28, 2004.  

Iran Strong Motion Network (ISMN) that runs under the authority of Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC) of Iran, start its activity since 1973. At the present day it consists of more than 1000 digital (SSA-2) and 61 analog (SMA-1) accelerographs. The recorded earthquake accelerograms are downloaded, controlled and processed and then added to the accelerograph comprehensive data bank, which is too useful for scientists and engineers. Here in the recorded accelerograms and causal earthquakes are briefly described and more detailed information is presented in Table 1 and also available on the web page of BHRC (http://www.bhrc.ac.ir).      

Nowadays, various types of passive control systems are being used as an effective solution to reduce the seismic responses of structures. One type of these systems, the Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD), suppresses the input seismic energy by a combined action, including the movement of liquid mass in the container, a restoring force on the liquid, due to gravity loads, and the damping, due to liquid movement through the orifices. In this paper, the possible effects of seismic excitation characteristics, such as frequency content and soil condition, on the seismic performance of TLCDs, are investigated, using nonlinear time-history analyses. For this purpose, a ten-story building was Modeled as an elastic MDOF structure and used for numerical analyses. For the time-history analyses, among the past Strong Ground Motion records of Iran, 16 records with different characteristics were selected. The results of this study show that these characteristics play a substantial role in the performance of TLCDs and they should be, accordingly, considered in the designing of TLCDs. In some cases, TLCD is able to reduce structural displacement up to 50%, while, in most cases, the effectiveness of TLCD in reducing structural acceleration is not significant. However, it should be mentioned that, in real applications, de-tuning may occur, due to the inelastic behavior of structures, which can reduce effectiveness. This study also shows that the displacement reduction capacity of TLCDs is highly dependent on excitation characteristics, while the acceleration reduction capacity is not that sensitive.